PRIMEROS AUXILIOS (FIRST AID)

General objectives:

• To know the concept of first aid and attend to its principles of action basic
• To master the human anatomy to apply correctly the first learned help.
• Acting against bites, bites, burns, wounds, bruises, etc.
• To know and apply the different types of bandages.

Specific objectives:

• To know and identify those parameters that can help in the valuation of an accident (breathing, pulse, blood pressure…).
• To describe what an assessment of the injured person means, and to differentiate between primary and secondary assessment.
• Possessing basic knowledge to be able to adequately attend to an accident, without making mistakes that may have subsequent consequences.
• To describe and carry out the correct way of acting if there are bites, haemorrhages and burns.
• To describe the symptoms and signs of wounds and / or bruises according to their types.
• To describe the symptoms and signs of a shock.
• To know the tourniquet technique and how it could be used.
• To describe what is a trauma, as well as explain which are the most common.
• To describe what an electrocution is, and what risk factors can be given.
• To describe what a heart attack-infarction is, and how you should act in this situation.
• To know what is Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and how to apply it according to the case (if it’s a child, an adult or a baby).
• To describe and differentiate a hypothermia and a freezing, as well as the best how to act and proceed in this type of situation.
• To define what a kit is and what are the elements that must be included to be able to attend a first aid situation.

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID

• 1.Introduction
• 2.General concepts of fist aid
  • 2.1 Definition of first aid
  • 2.2 First aid features
  • 2.3 Basic concepts in first aid
  • 2.4 General principles of first aid
  • 2.5 Resources
• 3.Legal framework in Spain
• 4.Signs and symptoms
  • 4.1 breathing
  • 4.2 pulse
  • 4.3 pupillary reflex
  • 4.4 skin colouring
  • 4.5 blood pressure
  • 4.6 body temperature
• 5.Assessment of the injured
  • 5.1 primary assessment
  • 5.2 secondary assessment
• 6.Anatomy of the human body
  • 6.1 head
  • 6.2 trunk
  • 6.3 limbs
  • 6.4 systems and organs
• 7.Key points

Chapter 2. INJURIES IN SOFT TISSUES, FRACTURES AND BURNS

• 1. Introduction
• 2.Trauma
  • 2.1 Classification of trauma
  • 2.2 Contusions
  • 2.3 Sprains
  • 2.4 Dislocations
  • 2.5 Fractures
  • 2.6 Polytrauma
• 3. Wounds
  • 3.1 Classification of wounds
  • 3.2 Gravity of the wound
  • 3.3 Action procedures against minor, serious and special wounds
• 4. Haemorrhages
  • 4.1 Classification of haemorrhages
  • 4.2 Action procedures in haemorrhages
  • 4.3 Tourniquet
• 5. Burns
  • 5.1 Classification of burns
  • 5.2 Extension and complications of burns
  • 5.3 Action procedures in burns
• 6. Key points

Chapter 3. SPECIAL SITUATIONS

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Poisoning
  • 2.1 Manifestations of poisoning
  • 2.2 Classification of poisonings
  • 2.3 Prevention of poisoning
  • 2.4 Action against poisonings
• 3 Sting and bites
  • 3.1 Classification of stings and bites
  • 3.2 Action against stings and bites
• 4 Shock
  • 4.1 Classification of shocks
  • 4.2 Action against shocks
• 5 Electrocution
  • 5.1 Gravity of the injuries
  • 5.2 Injuries after an electrocution
  • 5.3 Proceedings in an electrocution
• 6 Hypothermia and freezing
  • 6.1 Hypothermia
  • 6.2 Freezing
  • 6.3 Proceedings in hypothermia and freezing
• 7 Drowning, suffocation and obstruction of the airway
  • 7.1 Signs and symptoms of lack of oxygen
  • 7.2 Obstruction of the airway by a foreign body
  • 7.3 Drowning
  • 7.4 Proceedings in the presence of an obstruction of the airway
  • 7.5 Proceedings in a drowning
• 8 Key points

Chapter 4. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Heart attack
  • 2.1 Signs and symptoms of heart attack
  • 2.2 Procedures in a heart attack
• 3. Cardiac arrest and CPR
  • 3.1 Causes of cardiac arrest
  • 3.2 Risk factors
  • 3.3 Signs and symptoms of a cardiac arrest
  • 3.4 Survival chain
  • 3.5 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
  • 3.6 CPR in children and babies
  • 3.7 Chain of survival in a cardiac arrest in children and babies
  • 3.8 Procedures in a respiratory arrest in children and babies
  • 3.9 CPR in pregnant women
  • 3.10 CPR in special situations
  • 3.11 What not to do in CPR
  • 3.12 When not to start CPR
  • 3.13 Prevention of cardiac arrest
• 4. Key points

Chapter 5. DAILY AND SPECIAL SITUATIONS IN FIRST AID

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Fainting and faint
  • 2.1 Causes of fainting
  • 2.2 Action procedures in a fainting
• 3.Coma
  • 3.1 Action procedures in a coma
• 4. Ictus
  • 4.1 Action procedures in an ictus
• 5. Convulsions
  • 5.1 Action procedures in convulsions
• 6. Bandages
  • 6.1 What are bandages?
  • 6.2 Bandage techniques
  • 6.3 Ways to apply a bandage
• 7. Mobilization and waiting positions
  • 7.1 Basic principles of mobilization
  • 7.2 Waiting positions
  • 7.3 Safety side position
  • 7.4 Stabilization of the spine
  • 7.5 Mobilization of the injured person
  • 7.6 Indications to mobilize an injured person
  • 7.7 Mobilization methods of an injured person
• 8. First aid kid
  • 8.1 Items that a first aid kit must contain
• 9. Personal hygiene measures and prevention of disease transmission
  • 9.1 How to remove gloves
  • 9.2 How to wash your hands correctly
  • 9.3 Fast disinfection
  • 9.4 Cleaning of the cures material
• 10. Key points